Introduction
Growth and development is an important issue in children, and some researches have been conducted on body composition index for understanding of these problems. However, there are few studies to analyze the nutritional and growth status of children by analyzing these body composition index in Korea. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to measure and analyze the growth and body composition index of typically developing children in Korea.
Method
Typically developing 355 children(183 boys and 172 girls) in the 5th and the 6th grades from two schools (A and B) were participated. The clinical characteristics of the subjects are listed in Table 1.
Inbody 770, a body composition analyzer, was used to measure the body composition index of the subjects. It has an Asian population-based standard range of body composition indicators that fit the subject's height through several studies. Body weight(BW), Fat Mass(FM), Fat-Free Mass(FFM), Skeletal Muscle Mass(SMM), Body Mass Index(BMI), and Percentage Body Fat(PBF) was measured.
We calculated mean and standard deviation(SD) of measured body composition index. And we calculated the rate of “under range”, “within range” and “over range” which depends upon each index belonging to the standard range as mentioned above.
Result
Mean and SD of body composition index in all subjects are listed in Table 1.
The results of comparing the mean difference of body composition index between each group were shown in table 2. As shown in table 2, BW, BFM, FFM, SMM, and BMI were significantly higher in 6th grade compared to 5th grade. SMM and BMI were significantly higher in male compared to female and there was no significant difference between A and B schools. When divided by sex in 5th and 6th grade, BW, FFM, SMM, BMI were significantly higher in male compared to female in students of the 5th grade and PBF were significantly higher in female compared to male in the students of the 6th grade.
The results of comparing the difference between the rate of “under range”, “within range” and “over range” in each group were shown in figure 1. As shown in figure 1, BW, FM, BMI showed the significant difference in the rate of “under range”, “within range” and “over range” according to the sex. And, SMM showed the significant difference in the rate of “under range”, “within range” and “over range” according to grade.
Conclusion
In this study, we measured and analyzed the body composition index of Korean school-aged children. We found that the rates of “within range” in BW and FM were significantly higher in female than in male and the rate of “within range” in SMM were significantly higher in 6th grade than in 5th grade. The results of this study are expected to serve as a theoretical basis for the expansion of national health data and guidelines for therapeutic approaches to growth and developmental problems of children with disabilities.
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Table 1. The clinical characteristics and body composition indexes(Mean±SD) in all subjects.
Table 2. The mean difference of body composition indexes acoording to sex, grade and School.
Figure 1. The difference between the rate of “under range”, “within range” and “over range” according to sex, grade and School
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