| 제목 |
Psychometrics of the Functional Oral Intake Scale for Infants |
| 소속 |
Seoul National University College of Medicine, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine1, Seoul National University Hospital, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine 2, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine 3 |
| 저자 |
You Gyoung Yi1,3*, Hyung-Ik Shin1,2†, Ju Chan Kim2, Hee Dong Shin3 |
Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability and validity of functional oral intake scale (FOIS) for infants.
Methods
We included infants younger than one year of age who underwent videofluorscopic swallowing study (VFSS). Based on nutrition records at the time of VFSS, two raters separately evaluated five-point scale FOIS for infants and applied the FOIS levels 1, 2, and 3 as defined for adults. However, we divided full oral feeding (FOF) into two categories: (1) achievement of oral diet expansion, the initiation of pureed foods before 9 months, and the initiation of mashed foods and those with soft lumps before 12 months as normal developmental stages; and (2) no achievement of this oral diet expansion. Cross-validity was estimated by comparing the infantile FOIS scores to the categorical ratings of swallowing impairment and aspiration severity and the presence of swallowing impairment and aspiration determined by the VFSS.
Results
A total of 201 infants were evaluated. Interrater reliability of FOIS for infants was high with 95.5 % absolute agreement. Significant associations were identified between the FOIS for infants and aspiration severity in VFSS. Seven of 33 infants with both oral and tube feeding (partial oral feeding, POF) continued POF after one year, and their mean caloric contribution of oral feeding was 6.00 (SD: 5.45) % while that of infants who acquired FOF after one year (n=26) was 28.46 (SD:22.79) %.
Conclusions
The five-point scale FOIS for infants which reflects expansion of oral diet as they grow had adequate reliability and validity. Caloric contribution in addition to consistency of oral feeding could be considered to distinguish FOIS level 2 and 3, both of which correspond to POF status in infants. |
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Table 1. Characteristics of subjects at the time of the videofluoroscopic swallowing study
Table 2. Inter-rater reliability of the FOIS for infants
Table 3. Functional Oral Intake Scale for infants (age: <1 year)
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