Introduction:
According to national cancer registration statistics in 2013, prostate cancer is the fifth most common cancer among men in Korea. Prostate cancer has the highest relative survival rate over 5 years after surgery compared with other cancers. Postoperative complications such as urinary incontinence, urinary retention, cystitis and erectile dysfunction may occur. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) decreases muscle mass resulting in a decrease in exercise capacity. In many studies, exercise has been studied as an effective intervention for reducing side effects of cancer treatment and improving quality of life.
Objective:
In this study, we compared the general demographics and physical status, including weight, body mass index (BMI), and appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) of patients with prostate cancer patients according to the degree of physical activity measured by International physical activity questionnaire(IPAQ) in patients diagnosed with prostate cancer and to elucidate the factors affecting physical activity.
Method:
Patient enrollment was conducted from August 2015 to January 2016. The inclusion criteria were (1) 50 years of age or older, (2) histologically confirmed prostate adenocarcinoma, and (3) treatment with radical prostatectomy, radiation therapy, or ADT. A total of 95 patients were enrolled. Muscle mass was measured using a direct segmental multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis system. ASM was calculated as the sum of arm and leg skeletal muscle. 2-minute walking test performed and handgrip strength was assessed using a hand-held dynamometer. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on the physical activities measuring by IPAQ, one group was defined as 'inactive' and the other group was defined as 'minimally active or health enhancing physical activity(HEPA) active' groups. A Student’s t- test was done to determine statistical differences of physical activities and general demographics between two groups.
Results:
The mean age of 95 patients was 69.24 ± 7.29 years and mean body mass index was 24.25 ± 2.56 (Table 1). 65 patients were classified as inactive group and the remaining 30 were classified as 'minimally active' or 'HEPA active' groups. BMI, 4m gait speed and lower extremity 1RM showed statistically significant difference between the two groups. In this study, we elucidate that lower BMI, smaller low extremity 1RM, and slower gait speed are associated with lower physical activity (Table 2).
Discussion:
Physical activity has been shown to be related to quality of life and lower fatigue symptom in cancer patients. In this respect, the American Cancer Society guidelines recommend regular physical activity of at least 150 min of moderate intensity or 75 min of vigorous intensity each week. Knowing the factors that affect physical activity will allow physicians to encourage more exercise for patients who are expected to have less physical activity.
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